December 12
December 12 is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 19 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 627 – Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh.
- 1098 – First Crusade: Massacre of Ma'arrat al-Numan – Crusaders breach the town's walls and massacre about 20,000 inhabitants. After finding themselves with insufficient food, they resort to cannibalism.
- 1408 – The Order of the Dragon a monarchical chivalric order is created by Sigismund of Luxembourg, then King of Hungary.
- 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Second Battle of Ushant – A Royal Navy squadron, commanded by Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt on HMS Victory, defeats a French fleet.
- 1787 – Pennsylvania becomes the second state to ratify the United States Constitution five days after Delaware became the first.
- 1862 – USS Cairo sinks on the Yazoo River, becoming the first armored ship to be sunk by an electrically detonated mine.
- 1870 – Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman, the first one being Hiram Revels.
- 1897 – Belo Horizonte, the first planned city in Brazil, is founded.
- 1901 – Guglielmo Marconi receives the first transatlantic radio signal at Signal Hill in St John's, Newfoundland.
- 1911 – Delhi replaces Calcutta as the capital of India.
- 1911 – King George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck are enthroned as Emperor and Empress of India.
- 1915 – President of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai, announces his intention to reinstate the monarchy and proclaim himself Emperor of China.
- 1917 – In Nebraska, Father Edward J. Flanagan founds Boys Town as a farm village for wayward boys.
- 1918 – Flag of Estonia is raised atop the Pikk Hermann for the first time.
- 1925 – The Majlis of Iran votes to crown Reza Khan as the new Shah of Persia.
- 1935 – Lebensborn Project, a Nazi reproduction program, is founded by Heinrich Himmler.
- 1936 – Xi'an Incident: The Generalissimo of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek, is kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang.
- 1937 – USS Panay incident: Japanese aircraft bomb and sink US gunboat USS Panay on the Yangtze River in China.
- 1939 – Winter War: Battle of Tolvajärvi – Finnish forces defeat those of the Soviet Union in their first major victory of the conflict.
- 1939 – HMS Duchess sinks after a collision with HMS Barham off the coast of Scotland with the loss of 124 men.
- 1940 – World War II: Approximately 70 people are killed in the Marples Hotel, Fitzalan Square, Sheffield, as a result of a German air raid.
- 1941 – World War II: Fifty-four Japanese A6M Zero fighters raid Batangas Field, Philippines. Jesús Villamor and four Filipino fighter pilots fend them off; César Basa is killed.
- 1941 – World War II: USMC F4F "Wildcats" sink the first 4 major Japanese ships off Wake Island.
- 1941 – World War II: The United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria. Hungary and Romania declare war on the United States. India declares war on Japan.
- 1941 – Adolf Hitler announces extermination of the Jews at a meeting in the Reich Chancellery
- 1942 – World War II: German troops begin Operation Winter Storm, an attempt to relieve encircled Axis forces during the Battle of Stalingrad.
- 1942 – A fire in a hostel in St. John's, Newfoundland, kills 100 people.
- 1946 – A fire at a New York City ice plant spreads to a nearby tenement killing 37 people.
- 1948 – Malayan Emergency: Batang Kali Massacre – 14 members of the Scots Guards stationed in Malaysia allegedly massacre 24 unarmed civilians and set fire to the village.
- 1950 – Paula Ackerman, the first woman appointed to perform rabbinical functions in the United States, leads the congregation in her first services.
- 1956 – Beginning of the Irish Republican Army's "Border Campaign".
- 1958 – Guinea joins the United Nations.
- 1963 – Kenya gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
- 1964 – Prime Minister Jomo Kenyatta becomes the first President of the Republic of Kenya.
- 1969 – Strategy of tension: Piazza Fontana bombing – The offices of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura in Piazza Fontana, Milan, are bombed.
- 1979 – Coup d'état of December Twelfth: South Korean Army Major General Chun Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Jeong Seung-hwa without authorization from President Choi Kyu-ha, alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-President Park Chung Hee.
- 1979 – President of Pakistan, Zia-ul-Haq, confers Nishan-e-Imtiaz on Nobel laureate Dr Abdus Salam.
- 1979 – The unrecognised state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia returns to British control and resumes using the name Southern Rhodesia.
- 1979 – A major earthquake and tsunami kill 259 people in Colombia.
- 1982 – Women's peace protest at Greenham Common – 30,000 women hold hands and form a human chain around the 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) perimeter fence.
- 1984 – Maaouiya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya becomes the third president of Mauritania after a coup d'état against Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla while the latter is attending a summit.
- 1985 – Arrow Air Flight 1285 crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, killing 256, including 236 members of the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division.
- 1988 – The Clapham Junction rail crash kills thirty-five and injures hundreds after two collisions of three commuter trains – one of the worst train crashes in the United Kingdom.
- 1991 – Russian Federation gains independence from the USSR.
- 2000 – The United States Supreme Court releases its decision in Bush v. Gore.
Births
- 1298 – Albert II of Austria (d. 1358)
- 1574 – Anne of Denmark, queen consort of James I of England (d. 1619)
- 1610 – Saint Vasilije (d. 1671)
- 1659 – Francesco Galli-Bibiena, Italian architect/designer (d. 1739)
- 1712 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Austrian military leader (d. 1780)
- 1724 – Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, British admiral (d. 1816)
- 1745 – John Jay, 1st Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1829)
- 1779 – Madeleine Sophie Barat, French saint (d. 1865)
- 1783 – Ner Alexander Middleswarth, American politician (d. 1865)
- 1786 – William L. Marcy, American statesman (d. 1857)
- 1791 – Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria, wife of Napoleon (d. 1847)
- 1792 – Alexander Ypsilantis, Greek prince (d. 1828)
- 1799 – Karl Briullov, Russian painter (d. 1852)
- 1805 – William Lloyd Garrison, American abolitionist (d. 1879)
- 1805 – Henry Wells, American banking executive (d. 1878)
- 1806 – Stand Watie, American Confederate general (d. 1871)
- 1812 – John Sandfield Macdonald, Canadian premier of Ontario (d. 1872)
- 1821 – Gustave Flaubert, French writer (d. 1880)
- 1845 – Bruce Price, American architect (d. 1903)
- 1849 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, member of the Vanderbilt family (d. 1920)
- 1862 – Joseph Bruce Ismay, British ocean liner executive and Titanic survivor (d. 1937)
- 1863 – Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (d. 1944)
- 1864 – Paul Elmer More, American essayist (d. 1937)
- 1866 – Alfred Werner, Swiss chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1919)
- 1870 – Walter Benona Sharp, American oil industry executive (d. 1912)
- 1875 – Gerd von Rundstedt, German field marshal (d. 1953)
- 1876 – Alvin Kraenzlein, American athlete (d. 1928)
- 1887 – Kurt Atterberg, Swedish composer (d. 1974)
- 1892 – Milko Kos, Slovenian historian (d. 1972)
- 1893 – Edward G. Robinson, American actor (d. 1973)
- 1900 – Sammy Davis, Sr., American dancer (d. 1988)
- 1902 – Koloman Sokol, Slovak painter (d. 2003)
- 1903 – Dagmar Nordstrom, American composer (d. 1976)
- 1903 – Yasujirō Ozu, Japanese film director (d. 1963)
- 1904 – Nicolas de Gunzburg, French magazine editor (d. 1981)
- 1905 – Manès Sperber, Austrian writer (d. 1984)
- 1907 – Roy Douglas, English composer and orchestrator
- 1908 – Gustav Ernesaks, Estonian composer and conductor (d. 1993)
- 1909 – Karen Morley, American actress (d. 2003)
- 1909 – Hans Keilson, German-born Dutch writer and child psychologist (d. 2011)
- 1910 – Richard Sagrits, Estonian painter (d. 1968)
- 1914 – Patrick O'Brian, English author (d. 2000)
- 1915 – Frank Sinatra, American singer and actor (d. 1998)
- 1917 – James Wall, American actor and stage manager (d. 2010)
- 1918 – Joe Williams, American singer (d. 1999)
- 1919 – Olivia Barclay, English astrologer (d. 2001)
- 1919 – Dan DeCarlo, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
- 1920 – Fred Kida, American comics artist
- 1922 – Christian Dotremont, Belgian painter and writer (d. 1979)
- 1923 – Bob Barker, American television game show host
- 1923 – Bob Dorough, American jazz pianist/vocalist
- 1923 – Ken Kavanagh, Australian racing driver
- 1924 – Ed Koch, American politician
- 1924 – Ray Cordeiro, Hong Kong radio personality
- 1924 – Robert Coogan, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1925 – Vladimir Shainsky, Russian composer
- 1925 – Ahmad Shamlou, Iranian poet (d. 2000)
- 1927 – Robert Noyce, American inventor (d. 1990)
- 1928 – Chinghiz Aitmatov, Soviet-born Kyrgyz writer (d. 2008)
- 1929 – Toshiko Akiyoshi, Japanese musician
- 1929 – John Osborne, English dramatist (d. 1994)
- 1930 – Bill Beutel, American journalist (d. 2006)
- 1930 – Silvio Santos, Brazilian TV show host
- 1931 – Lionel Blair, English actor and choreographer
- 1932 – Bob Pettit, American basketball player
- 1934 – Miguel de la Madrid, Mexican politician
- 1937 – Buford Pusser, American law enforcement official (d. 1974)
- 1938 – Connie Francis, American singer
- 1940 – Sharad Pawar, Indian politician
- 1940 – Dionne Warwick, American singer
- 1940 – Frances Willard, American magician
- 1942 – Peter Sarstedt, British musician
- 1943 – Vassilis Alexakis, Greek-French writer
- 1943 – Dickey Betts, American musician (The Allman Brothers Band)
- 1943 – Grover Washington, Jr., American saxophonist (d. 1999)
- 1944 – Kenneth Cranham, Scottish actor
- 1944 – Jean Doré, Canadian politician
- 1944 – Zoe Laskari, Greek actress
- 1944 – Rob Tyner, American Singer, Songwriter and activist (The MC5) (d. 1991)
- 1945 – Tony Williams, American jazz drummer (d. 1997)
- 1946 – Emerson Fittipaldi, Brazilian race car driver
- 1946 – Paula Wagner, American film executive
- 1947 – Wings Hauser, American actor
- 1949 – Bill Nighy, English actor
- 1950 – Pedro Ferriz de Con, Mexican radio and TV news anchor
- 1950 – Rajinikanth, Indian actor
- 1950 – Billy Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1952 – Brenton Broadstock, Australian composer and academic
- 1952 – Herb Dhaliwal, Canadian politician
- 1952 – Sarah Douglas, English actress
- 1952 – Cathy Rigby, American gymnast and actress
- 1953 – Bruce Kulick, American guitarist (Kiss, Grand Funk Railroad)
- 1953 – Dave Meniketti, American guitarist
- 1953 – Rafael Septien, Mexican placekicker and convicted sex offender
- 1955 – Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, Greek businesswoman
- 1955 – Eddy Schepers, Belgian cyclist
- 1956 – Johan van der Velde, Dutch cyclist
- 1957 – Sheila E., American musician
- 1957 – Robert Lepage, French Canadian playwright
- 1957 – Susan Powter, Australian author and motivational speaker
- 1958 – Monica Attard, Australian journalist
- 1958 – Lucie Guay, Canadian canoer
- 1958 – Dag Ingebrigtsen, Norwegian musician
- 1958 – Sheree J. Wilson, American actress
- 1962 – Tracy Austin, American tennis player
- 1962 – Mike Golic, American football player
- 1963 – Liz Claman, American television anchor
- 1963 – Ai Orikasa, Japanese voice actress and singer
- 1964 – Sabu, American professional wrestler
- 1964 – Haywood Jeffries, American football player
- 1965 – Will Carling, English rugby union footballer
- 1966 – Royce Gracie, Brazilian martial artist
- 1966 – Kouichi Nagano, Japanese voice actor
- 1966 – Último Dragón, Japanese professional wrestler
- 1967 – Yuzo Koshiro, Japanese composer
- 1967 – Takenobu Mitsuyoshi, Japanese composer
- 1967 – John Randle, American football player
- 1967 – Deke Sharon, American musician
- 1968 – Kate Humble, English television presenter
- 1968 – Rory Kennedy, American documentarian
- 1968 – Laurie Williams, Jamaican cricketer (d. 2002)
- 1969 – Carrie Westcott, American model and actress
- 1970 – Mädchen Amick, American actress
- 1970 – Jennifer Connelly, American actress
- 1970 – Regina Hall, American actress
- 1972 – Nicky Eaden, English footballer
- 1972 – Wilson Kipketer, Danish middle-distance runner
- 1972 – Kevin Parent, French Canadian singer and songwriter
- 1972 – Brandon Teena, American murder victim (d. 1993)
- 1972 – Georgios Theodoridis, Greek sprinter
- 1972 – Hank Williams III, American musician
- 1973 – Walter Otta, Argentine footballer
- 1973 – Gary Breen, Republic of Ireland footballer
- 1974 – Nolberto Solano, Peruvian footballer
- 1975 – Mayim Bialik, American actress
- 1975 – Wesley Charles, Vincentian footballer
- 1975 – Craig Moore, Australian footballer
- 1976 – Dan Hawkins, English guitarist (The Darkness)
- 1976 – Lloyd Owusu, Ghanaian footballer
- 1977 – Nicole, Erica and Jaclyn Dahm, American triplet models
- 1977 – Bridget Hall, American supermodel
- 1977 – Orlando Hudson, American baseball player
- 1977 – Colin White, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1978 – Monica Barladeanu, Romanian actress
- 1978 – Jennifer Rovero, American model
- 1979 – Garrett Atkins, American baseball player
- 1979 – Nate Clements, American football player
- 1979 – Sharin Foo, Danish singer and bassist
- 1979 – John Salmons, American basketball player
- 1980 – Gus G, Greek musician
- 1980 – Nicolae Dorin Goian, Romanian footballer
- 1981 – Ronnie Brown, American football player
- 1981 – Shane Costa, American baseball player
- 1981 – Jeret Peterson, American aerial skier
- 1981 – Pedro Ríos Maestre, Spanish footballer
- 1981 – Yuvraj Singh, Indian cricketer
- 1981 – Stephen Warnock, English footballer
- 1982 – Dmitry Tursunov, Russian tennis player
- 1982 – Ai Kato, Japanese actress
- 1983 – Katrina Elam, American singer
- 1984 – Daniel Agger, Danish footballer
- 1984 – Daniel Merrett, Australian football player
- 1984 – Sohail Tanvir,Pakistani cricketer
- 1985 – Pat Calathes, Greek-American basketball player
- 1985 – Chris Jennings, American football player
- 1985 – David Veikune, American football player
- 1985 – Giannis Zaradoukas, Greek footballer
- 1986 – Perparim Hetemaj, Finnish footballer
- 1986 – Mitsuhiro Hidaka, Japanese singer (AAA (band))
- 1986 – Thomas Wansey, English actor
- 1986 – T. J. Ward, American football player
- 1986 – Lee Qri, Korean singer and actress
- 1988 – Ham Eun-jeong, Korean singer and actress
- 1990 – Victor Moses, Nigerian-born British footballer
- 1990 – Seungri, Korean singer
- 1991 – Daniel Magder, Canadian actor
Deaths
- 884 – Carloman, King of the West Franks
- 1212 – Geoffrey, Archbishop of York
- 1569 – Metropolitan Philip of Moscow (b. 1507)
- 1574 – Selim II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1524)
- 1586 – Stefan Batory, King of Poland (b. 1533)
- 1685 – John Pell, English mathematician (b. 1610)
- 1751 – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher (b. 1678)
- 1754 – Wu Jingzi, Chinese writer (b. 1701)
- 1766 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German writer (b. 1700)
- 1789 – John Ponsonby, Irish politician (b. 1713)
- 1790 – Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and writer (b. 1733)
- 1817 – Emperor Tekle Giyorgis I of Ethiopia, (b. about 1751)
- 1843 – King William I of the Netherlands, (b. 1772)
- 1858 – Jacques Viger, antiquarian and archeologist, first mayor of Montreal (b. 1787)
- 1889 – Robert Browning, English poet (b. 1812)
- 1889 – Viktor Bunyakovsky, Russian mathematician (b. 1804)
- 1894 – Sir John Sparrow David Thompson, fourth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1845)
- 1913 – Emperor Menelek II of Ethiopia (b. 1844)
- 1923 – Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)
- 1926 – Jean Richepin, French poet (b. 1849)
- 1929 – Charles Goodnight, American cattle baron (b. 1836)
- 1934 – Thorleif Haug, Norwegian Nordic skier (b. 1894)
- 1939 – Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (b. 1883)
- 1941 – César Basa, Philippine Air Force and World War II hero (b. 1915)
- 1951 – Mildred Bailey, American jazz singer (b. 1907)
- 1952 – Bedřich Hrozný, Czech orientalist and linguist (b. 1879)
- 1958 – Albert Walsh, Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1900)
- 1963 – Yasujirō Ozu, Japanese film director (b. 1903)
- 1968 – Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (b. 1902)
- 1970 – Doris Blackburn, Australian politician (b. 1889)
- 1971 – Yechezkel Kutscher, Israeli philologist and Hebrew linguist (b. 1909)
- 1971 – David Sarnoff, Russian-born American General Manager of RCA (b. 1891)
- 1976 – Jack Cassidy, American actor (b. 1927)
- 1976 – Vinko Žganec, Croatian ethnomusicologist (b. 1890)
- 1977 – Baroness Spencer-Churchill, wife of Winston Churchill (b. 1885)
- 1978 – Fay Compton, English actress (b. 1894)
- 1980 – Jean Lesage, Canadian politician (b. 1912)
- 1983 – Amza Pellea, Romanian actor (b. 1931)
- 1985 – Anne Baxter, American actress (b. 1923)
- 1985 – Ian Stewart, Scottish musician (b. 1938)
- 1987 – Enrique Jorrín, Cuban musician and composer (b. 1926)
- 1988 – Anthony "Tony Pro" Provenzano, American Mafia figure (b. 1917)
- 1992 – Suzanne Lilar, Belgian essayist, novelist and playwright (b. 1901)
- 1993 – József Antall, Hungarian politician (b. 1932)
- 1994 – Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (b. 1933)
- 1994 – Donna J. Stone, American poet (b. 1933)
- 1996 – Vance Packard, American author (b. 1914)
- 1997 – Yevgeniy Landis, Russian mathematician (b. 1921)
- 1998 – Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida (b. 1930)
- 1998 – Marco Denevi, Argentine writer (b. 1922)
- 1998 – Mo Udall, American politician (b. 1922)
- 1999 – Paul Cadmus, American artist (b. 1904)
- 1999 – Joseph Heller, American author (b. 1923)
- 2000 – George Montgomery, American actor (b. 1916)
- 2000 – Ndabaningi Sithole, Zimbabwean Nationalist politician (b. 1920)
- 2001 – Ardito Desio, Italian explorer, geologist and leader of the 1954 K2 expedition (b. 1897)
- 2001 – Jean Richard, French actor (b. 1921)
- 2002 – Dee Brown, American author (b. 1908)
- 2002 – Brad Dexter, American actor (b. 1917)
- 2002 – Jay Wesley Neill, American convicted murderer (b. 1965)
- 2003 – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (b. 1923)
- 2003 – Joseph Anthony Ferrario, American Catholic prelate (b. 1926)
- 2005 – Robert Newmyer, American film producer (b. 1956)
- 2005 – Gebran Tueni, Lebanese politician (b. 1957)
- 2005 – Annette Vadim, Danish actress (b. 1936)
- 2006 – Paul Arizin, American basketball player (b. 1928)
- 2006 – Peter Boyle, American actor (b. 1935)
- 2006 – Kenny Davern, American jazz clarinetist (b. 1935)
- 2006 – Raymond P. Shafer, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1917)
- 2006 – Al Shugart, pioneering American computer engineer and co-founder of Seagate Technology (b. 1930)
- 2007 – Ike Turner, American musician (b. 1931)
- 2007 – Francois Hajj, Lebanese Army's chief of operations (b. 1953)
- 2008 – Avery Dulles, Roman Catholic Cardinal, theologian (b. 1918)
- 2008 – Van Johnson, American actor (b. 1916)
- 2008 – Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (b. 1934)
- 2010 – Peter Pagel, German footballer (b. 1956)
- 2010 – Tom Walkinshaw, former racing driver and Formula One team owner (b. 1946)
Holidays and observances
External links